EXAMINING THE SUSTAINABLE TRANSPORT PLANNING IN MINNA METROPOLIS USING GIS AND REMOTE SENSING
Abstract
|
The volume of traffic generated by land-use
pattern varies during different periods of the day but there is usually a
predictable pattern of such traffic volumes. Most often, the structure of
urban land-use fails to provide easy and convenient traffic movement, which
in the case of the study area is usually that of vehicles and pedestrian
traffic. The fact is that Minna is presently experiencing rapid urban growth.
Both the authorities and citizens seem to simply ignore this and its impact
on human existence. The research is based on Road Traffic Network Analysis in
Minna, to develop a road network map and determine the causes of Traffic
Congestion in Kpakungu specifically. Quickbird satellite imagery was used in
analyzing and mapping out the existing road network within the study area.
Field survey aspects involving measuring of roads, traffic count, coordinates
captured were also undertaken. It was discovered that the causes of the
traffic pressure in the study area was as a result of the relocation of
Federal University of Technology, Minna to its permanent site in Gidan Kwanu
and the relocation of National Examination Council(NECO) Headquarter.
Majority of the traffic pressure in the area were as a result of vehicles
coming from Maikunkele, Bosso, Maitumbi, Minna central, Dutsen Kura, Chanchaga,
Tunga, Sahuka-kahuta and Barikin-Sale going to Bida, Gidan-Kwanu or NECO
office. It was concluded that alternative roads should be provided for
vehicle diversion to limit the congestion of traffic on the road. |
Keywords: Minna, Niger State,
GIS, Remote Sensing, Land Surface
Characteristics
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 STUDY BACKGROUND
Movements of people,
goods and information have always been fundamental components of human
societies. Contemporary economic processes have been accompanied by a
significant increase in mobility and higher levels of accessibility. Traffic in
an urban area is necessitated by the need for various parts to relate with one
another. The volume of traffic generated varies during different periods of the
day but there is usually a predictable pattern of such traffic volumes.
Inconvenient traffic movement generates many problems such as unnecessary
longer travel times, environmental pollution, crime, emotional and
psychological stress (Leke, 2007).
Transport system has great influence and
impact on the regional pattern of development, economic viability, and
environmental impact and on maintaining socially acceptable level of quality of
life. Adequate transportation services ensure the growth and well-being of an area.
The purpose of urban
planning is to provide transportation services to all locations.
1.1.1 TRANSPORTATION PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT
Planning is a systematic
approach to analyze and answer social, physical, and economic problem of
certain areas. Planning agencies deal with factor influencing the quality of
life and also employ several professionally trained planners specialized in
different fields including land use, hydrology, housing, transportation, remote
sensing and geographic information system. The efficient planning and
management of a country transport system is the key to providing a proficient
transport network. Transport systems should ensure mobility and accessibility
at an acceptable level of safety and comfort in an environment for the movement
of people and goods. The improvement of roads and transport infrastructure is
vital to the economic development.
An efficient transport system provides
mobility of people and goods. In addition to this, it encourages patterns of
goods and economic activities like providing access to remote communities. The
inter-modal Surface Transport Efficiency Act of 1991(ISTEA)changed many of the processes and
procedures traditionally used in transportation planning.
1.1.2 GIS
AND TRANSPORTATION PLANNING
Because information about transportation is of
vital interest in our daily lives, management systems based on information
technologies were required and the use of Geographic Information System(GIS) became important.
GIS is one of the fastest growing technologies of present time which
provides information on location, spatial interaction, and geographic
relationship of various facilities. These facilities can be viewed and
assessed. GIS make information valuable to a wide range of public and private
enterprises for explaining events, predicting outcomes, forecasting for the
future and planning strategies.
The concept of using GIS has been proven valuable for real world
problems from tracking location of vehicles, bus stop locations, and mapping of
transport network and improve decision making process in the planning of
transportation.
or link specific capacity, GIS is proving to
be valuable transportation management and modeling platform (Nyereges,1995).
As a toolbox, GIS allows planners to perform
spatial analysis using geo˗processing functions such as map overlay, connectivity
measurement and buffering (Berry,1987).
PROBLEM STATEMENT
In this research, road congestion is
studied as the major problem in transportation planning and management in Minna
metropolis.
AIM OF RESEARCH
The aim of the research
is to solve the problem of traffic congestion at Kpakungu. OBJECTIVE
The objectives include:
1) Mapping out the
existing road network within and around Kpakungu area in Minna
2) Obtaining the
geospatial related attribute information, such as road name, road network,
traffic volume, etc. for each of the roads
3) Using satellite
image to map out the congestion area
4) Finding
alternative route to take in order to bypass traffic congestion on the major
road.
JUSTIFICATION
This study will
explores the use of remote sensing classification technique and other auxiliary
data to determine LULCC for a period of 16 years (2005-2020). The LULCC types
identified were quantitatively evaluated using the change detection approach
from results of maximum likelihood classification algorithm in GIS. Accuracy
assessment results were evaluated and found to be between 56 to 98 percent of
the LULC classification. The change detection analysis revealed change in the
LULC types in Minna from 2005-2020. Built-up area increases from 74.82ha in
1976 to 116.58ha in 2016. The volume of traffic generated by land-use pattern
varies during different periods of the day but there is usually a predictable
pattern of such traffic volumes. Most often, the structure of urban land-use
fails to provide easy and convenient traffic movement, which in the case of the
study area is usually that of vehicles and pedestrian traffic. The fact is that
Minna is presently experiencing rapid urban growth. Both the authorities and
citizens seem to simply ignore this and its impact on human existence.
SCOPE AND LIMITATION
Minna is the capital city
of Niger State, largely populated because of the commercial activities going on
within the town. Considering the fact that Minna is the capital, one should
expect the influx of civil servants into the city. Both State and Federal
Government workers within the state will most likely reside in the city for
easy access to their different places of work.
In 2007 the population of Minna was estimated
to be 304,113 and it is growing steadily. Minna is in west central Nigeria and
is the headquarters of Chanchaga Local Government Area. Traffic and
transportation problem in Minna capital city of Niger State have become grave
matters of concern to the government. A strategic planning of transport systems
will alleviate these problems to a greater extent. Transportation planning
process consists of analysis of interaction between supply in the form of
existing facilities and the demand in the form of traffic load. It also
involves forecasting for the future and evaluation of the alternatives arrived
at the planning stage (Garba,2002).
The fact is that Minna is
presently experiencing rapid urban growth. Both the authorities and citizens
seem to simply ignore this and its impact on transportation. High population
density, the bumps put by people of that area, narrow route, high vehicular
movement at the peak hours because of the schools located in that route,
hawkers along the route, motor parks along the route, road works, as well as
trucks and vehicle stopping by the road side to offload goods are all causes of
traffic congestion in that route.
The
effects of these are parking problems, long delays to and from work, less
productivity from employees, accident due to frustration or anger due to
traffic jams, pollution as a result of car emission, and less attractive place
to live. This research seeks to find out possible solutions for solving the
traffic congestion of this area.
PHYSIOGRAPHY OF STUDY AREA
LOCATION OF STUDY AREA
The study area, Minna city, capital of Niger state, west-central Nigeria. It the home
of two major ethnic groups: Nupe and the Gbagyi. The town
is a major collecting point for agricultural products, including peanuts
(groundnuts), cotton, yams, and shea nuts these remain the major exports, also
pigs are transported by rail to Lagos (Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009). Local trade among
the population is mainly in sorghum, yams, corn (maize), millet, peanuts,
cotton, shea nuts, tobacco, kola nuts, cattle, goats, chickens, and guinea
fowl. The town is known for its woven and dyed cotton cloth, raffia mats and
baskets, pottery, and brass ware. Modern industry includes a brick-making
plant. There is a marble quarry nearby. Since becoming the capital of Niger
state in 1976, Minna has developed as an administrative centre as well. It has
teacher-training colleges and a hospital. It is also the radio broadcasting
centre for the state and is a hub for local roads serving the southern part of
the state
(Encyclopedia Britannica, 2009). Minna has an estimated population of 304,113
in 2007. It shares border with Paikoro to the East and Katcha to the South also
shares borders with Wushishi and Gbako to the west
Geographical Location
and Size
It
is located between 9o41’6.3’’N, 6o30’0’’E and 9o35’7.7’’N,
6o36’34’’E and it is situated at elevation 243 meters above sea
level. Minna is estimated to occupy a land mass of about 6,784SqKm
Figure1.1: Study Area (Minna Metropolis, Niger
State, Nigeria)
Climate
Temperature
Minna city has a tropical climate, according
to Koppen and Geiger, the climate is classified as Aw. The city experience an
annual average temperature of 27.5⁰C, throughout the year temperature varies by
5.2⁰C. The temperatures
are highest in March with an average of 30.5⁰C and lowest in August with an average of 25.3⁰C
Rainfall
The least amount of rainfall
occurs in the month of January, the average rainfall in this month is 1mm. Most
of the precipitation occurs in month of September with an average rainfall of
260mm.The variation in precipitation between the driest and the wettest months
is 259mm and an annual average rainfall of 1229mm. Rainfall is experience
during the summer months which begins from April and ends in October ranging
from 61-272mm, with an annual rainfall of 1210mm. The highest amount of
rainfall is usually received from July through September in every year
Transport
Minna is connected cities such as
Abuja, the capital of Nigeria by road about 150km. Minna is also connected to
both Kano in the north, Ibadan and Lagos in the south by railway. Minna also
have an International Airport that serves the state.
Vegetation
Minna lies in the middle belt of Nigeria and falls in the temperate
humid region which lies with the tropical hinterland and Guinea savannah zone
of Nigeria
GET COMPLETE WORK
Pages: 34
Format: MS-WORD
Chapters: 1-5 (Complete)
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